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Renal tubular acidosis

Renal tubular acidosis Electrolytes; ammonium, pH - urine.
Proximal Fractional excretion of bicarbonate.
  Genetic  
    Fanconi syndrome eg Amino acids, phosphate, glucose, alpha-1-microglobulin urine .
      Cystinosis  
      Lowe syndrome  
  Heavy metal poisoning See Heavy metal exposure/toxicity .
  Associated with other disease eg  
    Multiple myeloma  
    Sjögren syndrome  
    Vitamin D deficiency See under Osteomalacia .
    Amyloidosis  
  Acetazolamide  
Distal Urine acidification test .
  Genetic  
  Sjögren syndrome  
  Chronic active Hepatitis  
  SLE  
  Primary biliary cirrhosis See under Cholestasis .
  Tubulo-interstitial nephropathy  
  Obstructive uropathy  
  Renal transplant rejection  
  Hypercalciuria/nephrocalcinosis Calcium urine .
    Idiopathic  
    Primary Hyperparathyroidism  
    Vitamin D intoxication See under Hypercalcaemia .
    Hyperoxaluria  
  Sodium depletion with hypovolaemia Sodium urine .
    Cirrhosis  
    Nephrotic syndrome  
    Diarrhoea  
  Drug therapy eg  
    Amphotericin B  
    Lithium  
  Hypoaldosteronism  




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